The British Government was always on the look out for anything that will disturb their colonial rule in India. The Soviet Revolution which resulted in the fall of the hated Czars and the formation of USSR in 1917 had unnerved the entire capitalist and imperialist countries. In many countries, formation of Communist parties started  with the help and guidance of the Comintern. In India also many workers unions started  in Bombay, Calcutta and other places . The British Government was fully aware about these movements and wanted to crush the workers movements and the Communists in the initial stage itself. The Kanpur Conspiracy case, the Meerut Conspirace Case etc. were part of this witch hunt against the early communists in India. Some of the leaders of the British Communist Party were also made accused in these conspiracy  cases.

The Meerut Conspiracy case started with the issuing of arrest warrants against 31 Communists and other persons on 15th March 1929. The charges were that these persons conspired to overthrow the British Government of India through strikes and other militant methods. By 20th of March almost all were arrested. The arrested included almost all the known communists including Muzafr Ahamed, S.A.Dange, S.V.Ghate, Dr.G.Adhikari, P.C.Joshi, S.S.Mirajkar, Shaukat Usmani, Philip Stratt and others.

The case continued for about 4 years till 1933. The Communists and other accused utilised the case to explain to the people the demands of the workers, the need to fight against the British, the cruel exploitation etc. Wide publicity was received in the press. The working class and independent movement got inspiration and strenth from the bold stand taken by the accused against the British government. The plan of the British to isolate the communists did not succeed. Indeed, it strenthened the independence movement.

Meerut Conspiracy Case and the General Statement given in the court by the Communists exposing the colonial rule, the right of the people to fight against it, the revolutionary ideology of the Communist Party etc. inspired an entire generation of young communists.

The Communist movement in India has come up facing severe repression and attack from the British as also the national government after independence in 1947. This great struggle for the toiling masses continue even now. Meerut Conspiracy Case will always be a milestone in the growth of the Communist Party in India.